Light Microscope
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Light Microscope
How Each of the Microscope Parts Functions
This will make you more of an expert on the subject and allow you to intelligently evaluate how well one is working--and whether it needs a replacement part. With that in mind, let's examine the subject of the microscope's parts and how they work.
Generations of people around the world have made use of the microscope. Through the decades and centuries, its basic design has remained much the same. Even though microscopes have changed through the years, from the basic light much microscope all the way to electron microscopes, the parts and functions of a compound microscope are remarkably the same.
A microscope will only work correctly as long as each of its individual parts is working correctly. When one part ceases working properly, it will likely hinder the effectiveness of the instrument altogether. The main parts of most microscopes are the tube, lenses, illuminator, arm, adjustment knobs, and stage.
You'll find two basic kinds of lenses on the typical microscope. First of the lenses is the eyepiece lens (or the "ocular lens," as it's also called). This ocular lens is found at the microscope's top. This is the part that the microscope user looks through. It's typically not adjustable. The microscope's second lens is known as the objective lens. It's the one that provides most of the instrument's magnification. Indeed, most microscopes don't have one, but several objective lenses. Each objective lens varies in magnification strength.
The microscope's objective lenses are part of a circular portion of the scope. It's found between the eyepiece and stage. The user selects the objective lens based on the strength that he needs and the strength provided by that objective lens. If the user desires a different zoom level, he rotates the circular disc, thus placing a different lens above the stage. Connecting the ocular lens and the objective lenses are the part of the microscope called the tube. The user looks through the ocular lens and through the tube, finally seeing out of the bottom, through one of the objective lenses.
The specimen or object to be examined is placed on a part called the stage. Slides are secured to the stage by use of clamps. On these slides will be the specimens to be examined--specimens such as blood or micro-organisms. Immediately below the stage is something such as a mirror or, on a compound light microscope, a light. This mirror or light is called the illuminator, and it's what makes it easier for the user to see the specimen.
Finally, there is a pair of adjustment knobs on most types of microscope. The adjusters are used to assist in focusing the lenses. The coarse one is the larger of these two knobs--the one that pulls the lens and stage nearer together. The fine adjuster is the smaller of the adjustment knobs. First, the user adjusts the coarse knob and then the smaller one to give the tiny adjustments needed to bring the object into clearer focus.
These microscope parts and functions are the same on almost all microscopes that you'll encounter. There is some small variation, with slightly different parts on some (For example, on an electron microscope, there will be electron beams rather than typical illuminators; it thus varies a bit from the parts and functions of the compound microscope). Yet the basic functions and parts are the same. If you learn how each of these microscope parts functions, it will be easier for you to know a good microscope from a bad one.
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About the Author
How do you calculate total magnification of a specimen viewed by a light microscope?
Pt. 2 of the question... What is the total magnification of images viewed under each of the objective lenses of your microscope?
Eyepiece (ocular) magnification times the objective magnification.
Usually the eyepiece mag. is 10x. So for an objective of 100x the total magnification would be 10*100 = 1000x